What Is a Risk Assessment? (UK Workplace Guide)

A risk assessment is a structured process used to identify hazards in the workplace, assess the level of risk they pose, and put suitable control measures in place to prevent harm.

In the UK, risk assessments are a legal requirement under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations.

Why Risk Assessments Matter

Risk assessments help employers to:

• Identify hazards before accidents happen
• Protect employees, contractors, and visitors
• Comply with UK health and safety law
• Reduce injuries, ill health, and enforcement action

They form the foundation of almost all other health and safety documents.

What a Risk Assessment Includes

A typical risk assessment should:

• Identify hazards
• Decide who may be harmed and how
• Evaluate risks and existing controls
• Record findings
• Be reviewed regularly

Who Needs a Risk Assessment?

Any employer with one or more employees must carry out risk assessments. Self-employed people must also assess risks if their work could affect others.

The Bottom Line

A risk assessment isn’t just paperwork — it’s a practical tool that helps workplaces stay safe, compliant, and well organised.